What is a key adverse effect of benzodiazepine-based antianxiety medications?

• A. CNS depression
• B. Sedation and falls
• C. Increased alertness
• D. Weight gain

Answer: (A)

Benzodiazepines depress central nervous system activity by enhancing GABA inhibition in the brain, which is why the key adverse effect is CNS depression. This broad effect accounts for the common problems patients experience—sedation, slowed thinking and reaction times, impaired coordination, and memory difficulties. In higher doses or when combined with alcohol or other depressants, this CNS depressant action can dangerously slow breathing or cause stupor. So the overarching issue is CNS depression, with sedation and impaired motor/cognitive function being typical manifestations. Increased alertness is not expected with these drugs, and weight gain is not a defining adverse effect.