How do OCD symptoms typically present?

• A. Obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (ritualistic behaviors) that cause distress.
• B. Mood swings and irritability.
• C. Memory gaps.
• D. Sleep disturbances.

Answer: (A)

OCD is defined by obsessions and compulsions that cause distress and impairment. Obsessions are intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that repeatedly enter a person's mind and trigger anxiety. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform to reduce that anxiety or prevent a feared event. Because these experiences are time-consuming and interfere with daily functioning, they represent the classic presentation.

Mood swings and irritability describe issues more typical of mood or affective disorders. Memory gaps suggest dissociative or cognitive problems. Sleep disturbances can occur in many conditions but do not define OCD’s pattern.